相关简介
本课件围绕人教版高中英语必修二《Music》单元中的语法板块展开,重点讲解过去分词作表语与状语的核心用法。通过例句分析、配对练习和系统归纳,帮助学习者掌握过去分词在表达情感和描述情境时的功能,同时区分其与被动语态、现在分词的不同,并深入理解使令动词的特殊用法。
Grammar
Express feelings and describe situations
Look at the following sentences and underline the past participles. Find more of them in the text. In pairs, discuss their functions.
1 Born in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.
2 Moved by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”
Match the sentence halves and rewrite each sentence beginning with a past participle.
1 Painted in dark colours, the room needed some bright lights.(原因状语)
2 Unemployed, Dave had time to consider what job he really wanted.(原因状语)
3 Moved by his romantic words, the girl accepted his gift.(原因状语)
4 Corrected by his teacher from time to time, he lost interest in singing.(原因状语)
5 Recorded in a new way, the album was expected to be popular with techno fans.(原因状语)
6 Invited to perform on the stage, he felt nervous and excited.(原因状语)
单元语法
过去分词作表语与状语
1 过去分词作表语
(1)过去分词可放在连系动词 be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become 等之后作表语,表示主语所处的情绪或状态。
Please remain seated;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.请继续坐着,奖品的获得者很快就会宣布。 [词汇复现]
(2)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
“be+ 过去分词”表示状态时,是系表结构,此时分词通常已形容词化;表示动作时,是被动语态,且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词 by 引出。
Brian was relaxed when he was sitting on the sofa and watching TV.布赖恩坐在沙发上看电视时感到很放松。
The whole city was destroyed by the terrible disaster.整个城市被可怕的灾难摧毁了。 [词汇复现]
(3)英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人……的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词表示被动意义,即“感到……的”,多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有:
They were shocked to know that some people died of the unknown disease. 得知一些人死于这种未知的疾病,他们感到震惊。 [词汇复现]
Although the little girl was frightened, she answered in a calm voice. 虽然小女孩很害怕,但她还是用平静的声音回答。
【学法点拨】
有些使令动词,如 dress, seat, absorb 等,其过去分词无论作定语还是表语,都无被动的意味。因为 dress oneself in 等于 be dressed in;seat oneself on 等于 be seated on;absorb oneself in 等于 be absorbed in,这种现象缘于反身代词的用法:主语和宾语同为一人,主语是动作的发出者,又是动作的承受者,这就出现了被动语态或过去分词不表示“被动”的语言现象。
2 过去分词作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语,表示动作发生的背景或情况,其逻辑主语是句子的主语。过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步、原因等。
(1)表示时间 过去分词(短语)作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Asked why he did it(=When he was asked why he did it), the monitor said it was his duty.当被问到他为什么这么做时,班长说这是他的职责。
(2)表示条件 过去分词(短语)作条件状语,相当于一个条件状语从句。
Given better attention(=If it were given better attention), the accident could have been avoided.如果当时多加注意,事故本来是可以避免的。
(3)表示方式或伴随 过去分词(短语)作方式状语或伴随状语,可以转换成一个并列句。
The patient got off the bed,(and he was)supported by the nurse.那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。
(4)表示让步 过去分词(短语)作让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句。
Encouraged by his parents(=Although he was encouraged...), he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. 尽管受到了父母的鼓励,他仍然没有信心克服困难。 [词汇复现]